In today’s cannabis culture, terpene profiles have taken center stage for cultivators and consumers alike. But it wasn’t too long ago that the three letters “THC” were the main focus for cannabis enthusiasts. Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is just one of over 110 cannabinoids found in cannabis, but for decades it was believed to be the primary psychoactive component of the plant. In 1964, Dr. Raphael Mechoulam synthesized THC, leading to the creation of dronabinol, a synthetic version of THC commonly known as Marinol. However, patients who were already using natural cannabis medicine reported that the synthetic option was less effective and had unwanted side effects.
While “THC” is a common term used to refer to the psychoactive effects of cannabis, there are actually different states of the cannabinoid that are relevant to its use. Many people are unaware that cannabis plants do not produce THC, but rather tetrahydrocannabolic acid (THCA), which is the non-psychoactive precursor to THC. It is only when THCA is decarboxylated through heat that it becomes THC∆9, the psychoactive form of THC. This is why consuming raw cannabis will not produce psychoactive effects, as the THCA has not been activated. To achieve a “high” from edibles, many people decarboxylate their cannabis beforehand to convert THCA into THC∆9. This form of THC is further transformed into THC metabolites, which are produced by the human body when it processes THC. The most commonly tested THC metabolite is 11-nor-9-carboxy THC, which is essentially inert but can remain in the body for up to three months.
Despite the current focus on terpenes, the legacy of our previous obsession with high THC levels can still be seen in the elevated concentration found in most strains. However, with the rise in popularity of concentrates, potency is often assumed, leading to a greater emphasis on terpenes. We now know that the cannabis plant produces phytocannabinoids, which interact with the endocannabinoids naturally produced by the human body. This complex neurological network, known as the endogenous cannabinoid system, was discovered by the same person who first synthesized THC – Dr. Mechoulam. The ECS is responsible for regulating various physiological processes, such as reducing pain and inflammation, and is constantly working to maintain balance within the body.
In conclusion, while terpenes may be the current trend in the cannabis world, the importance of THC cannot be overlooked. From its initial discovery and synthesis to its role in the endocannabinoid system, THC has played a significant role in shaping our understanding and use of cannabis. So next time you enjoy your favorite strain, take a moment to appreciate the complex and multifaceted effects of THC.
