No state asked voters to legalize cannabis on Tuesday. The two statewide cannabis measures that did make the ballot tried to pull back, and voters rejected both by wide margins. At the same time, races up and down the ballot reshaped the map for 2027, putting legalization within reach in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin and ousting the Texas official who led the push to ban hemp-derived THC.
Taken together, the cannabis election results show where the fight is heading. Voters spent this election defending what’s already legal and their right to decide on it. The next round of expansion will play out in statehouses and in Washington, where lawmakers, not voters, will make the call.
Legal Cannabis Is Hard to Undo
In Massachusetts, voters rejected Question 8 by roughly three to one, keeping the state’s adult-use market open. It was the first time U.S. voters were asked to dismantle an existing recreational cannabis industry, and support for legal cannabis came in well above the 54 percent that approved legalization there in 2016.
That’s the opposite of what repeal supporters were counting on. A decade of legalization didn’t wear down support for legal cannabis. It grew.
Kevin Sabet, whose group Smart Approaches to Marijuana backed the repeal, wrote that the campaign forced a conversation “the high octane THC industry didn’t want to have.”
In Idaho, about 66 percent of voters rejected House Joint Resolution 4, which would have given the legislature sole power to legalize marijuana and blocked citizen initiatives on it, including for medical use.
Even in a state where cannabis is completely illegal, voters weren’t willing to give up their say over it.
The Next Fight Is in Statehouses
The next round of cannabis legalization will be decided by lawmakers, not voters.
Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Texas don’t let citizens put legalization on the ballot, so change there depends on who controls the legislature. On Tuesday, voters changed who holds power in all three.
In Pennsylvania, Democrats held the House and won control of the state Senate for the first time since 1993, 26 seats to 24, according to AP projections. The House passed a legalization bill in May 2025, but it stalled in the Republican-led Senate. Gov. Josh Shapiro, who won reelection, has repeatedly called for legalization, and New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware and Ohio already allow adult-use sales.
That gives one of the largest states without legal adult use its first real path to a market.
Wisconsin Democrats flipped both legislative chambers and won the governor’s race. Governor-elect David Crowley said during an October debate that the state has to move toward full legalization. Neighboring Illinois, Michigan and Minnesota all allow adult use.
That could put Wisconsin in the unusual position of debating full legalization before it ever built a real medical program.
In Texas, Democrat Vikki Goodwin defeated Lt. Gov. Dan Pat
